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Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a orthopedic surgical technique used to join two or more vertebrae. Supplementary bone tissue, either from the patient (autograft) or a donor (allograft), and/or artificial bone substitutes are used in conjunction with the body's natural bone growth (osteoblastic) processes to fuse two or more adjoining vertebrae. Spinal fusion is used in a variety of pathological conditions to eliminate abnormal motion of the vertebrae causing pain, neurological deficit or spinal deformity. Common conditions incorporating spinal fusion in their surgical treatment are spinal stenosis,spondylolisthesis, cervical discopathy,spine fractures, scoliosis and kyphosis. ==Medical uses== Spinal fusion is done most commonly in the lumbar region of the spine, but it is also used to treat cervical and thoracic problems. The indications for lumbar spinal fusion are controversial. People rarely have problems with the thoracic spine because there is little normal motion in the thoracic spine. Spinal fusion in the thoracic region is most often associated with spinal deformities, such as scoliosis and kyphosis. Cervical spinal fusion can be performed for several reasons. Following injury, this surgery can help stabilize the neck and prevent damage to the spinal cord. Additionally, cervical spinal fusion can be used to remove or reduce pressure on nerve roots caused by bone ingrowth osteophytes or herniated intervertebral disks. Patients requiring spinal fusion have either neurological deficits or severe pain which has not responded to conservative treatment. Spinal fusion surgeries are also common in patients who suffer from moderate to severe back deformities that require reconstructive surgery. When performing spinal fusion, the surgeon will usually do two procedures: 1.Implant screws, cages, plates or other stabilizing mechanical constructs to prevent motion between the fused vertebrae 2.Implant bone and/or bone-inducing products to encourage the patient's natural bone osteoblasts to unite the fused vertabrae, similar to the way a bone fracture heals. Conditions where spinal fusion may be considered include the following: * degenerative disc disease * spinal disc herniation * discogenic pain * spinal tumor * vertebral fracture * scoliosis * kyphosis (e. g., Scheuermann's disease) * spondylolisthesis * spondylosis * posterior rami syndrome * other degenerative spinal conditions * any condition that causes instability of the spine 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spinal fusion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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